Millions across India are observing Diwali, the Hindu festival of lights, by illuminating homes, offices, temples, and streets with colorful lights and traditional oil lamps. The festival takes place on the darkest night of the Hindu lunar month of Kartik, symbolizing the victory of light over darkness and good over evil.
Air Quality Challenges and Regulations
The festivities are accompanied by mounting worries regarding air pollution, particularly across northern regions. Seasonal climate patterns and agricultural burning lower air quality, while celebratory fireworks threaten to exacerbate the conditions. Delhi recorded an air quality index of 391 on Friday morning, categorizing it as very poor, while Mumbai also saw elevated pollution levels recently before improving to moderate levels.
To curb environmental damage, the Supreme Court authorized the production and sale of certified green firecrackers in Delhi and nearby regions for a restricted timeframe. These specialized fireworks aim to cut emissions by 20 to 30 percent compared to standard pyrotechnics. However, skeptics doubt their actual impact and worry that traditional fireworks might still enter the capital from adjacent states.
Traditions and Multi-Faith Observances
Beyond fireworks, Diwali commemorates the return of Lord Ram to Ayodhya following his triumph over Ravan, as detailed in the Ramayana. Households prepare by cleaning and adorning spaces with flowers, lamps, and vibrant rangoli patterns at entryways, while bustling markets fill with shoppers acquiring festive goods.
The five-day observance began on 6 November with Dhanteras, followed by Chhoti Diwali on the second day. The third day serves as the main celebration featuring prayers to the goddess Lakshmi, while the fourth day brings diverse family gatherings, and the final day, Bhai Dooj, honors the relationship between brothers and sisters.
The festival holds significance for other faiths as well. Sikhs observe Bandi Chhor Divas to remember the release of Guru Hargobind from captivity, and Jains commemorate the spiritual liberation of Lord Mahavira.
Festivities extend globally among the Indian diaspora, featuring community gatherings and gift exchanges. The auspicious period also sees financial markets hosting a traditional one-hour trading session called Muhurat trading on 8 November.
